1. What is Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP)?
-It is an application layer protocol , designed to enable communications between clients and servers.
-HTTP works as a request-response protocol between a client and server.
-It is a generic and stateless protocol which can be used for other purposes using extensions of its request methods, error codes, and headers.
-Basically it is a TCP/IP based communication protocol used to access data on WWW.
-Also it is a connectionless protocol and uses default port as 80.
2. Port number for HTTP protocol.
-80
3. What are the HTTP request methods?
-GET : Requests data from a specified resource
-POST : Submits data to be processed to a specified resource
-HEAD : Same as GET but returns only HTTP headers and no document body
-PUT : Uploads a representation of the specified URI
-DELETE : Deletes the specified resource
-OPTIONS : Returns the HTTP methods that the server supports
-CONNECT : Converts the request connection to a transparent TCP/IP tunnel
4. What HTTP response headers do?
-The information, in the form of a text record, that a Web server sends back to a client's browser in response to receiving an HTTP request.
-The response header contains the date, size and type of file that the server is sending back to the client and also data about the server itself. The header is attached to the files being sent back to the client.
5. What happens to an undeliverable datagram?
-An undeliverable datagram is discarded and and ICMP error message is sent to source host.
6. What is HTTP session state?
-Session state, in the context of .NET, is a method keep track of the a user session during a series of HTTP requests.
-Session state allows a developer to store data about a user as he/she navigates through ASP.NET web pages in a .NET web application.
-The HTTP protocol is stateless, which means that HTTP has no built-in way to keep track of a user as they navigate from one webpage to another.
-As a result, there are a number of other methods used to maintain state. These include session state, cookies, hidden form fields (known as viewstate in .NET), passing variables through the querystring, and form posts.
-Storing session state in the application pool also means that data is lost if the server is rebooted.
7. What is the work of http in the server?
-A web server processes requests via HTTP, the basic network protocol used to distribute information on the World Wide Web.
-The primary function of a web server is to store, process and deliver web pages to clients.
-The communication between client and server takes place using the Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP).
-A user agent, commonly a web browser initiates communication by making a request for a specific resource using HTTP and the server responds with the content of that resource or an error message if unable to do so.
-While the primary function is to serve content, a full implementation of HTTP also includes ways of receiving content from clients.
8. What are Status codes?
-The Status-Code element in a server response, is a 3-digit integer where the first digit of the Status-Code defines the class of response and the last two digits do not have any categorization role. There are 5 values for the first digit:
-1xx: Informational(It means the request has been received and the process is continuing)
-2xx: Success (It means the action was successfully received, understood, and accepted)
-3xx: Redirection (It means further action must be taken in order to complete the request)
-4xx: Client Error (It means the request contains incorrect syntax or cannot be fulfilled)
-5xx: Server Error (It means the server failed to fulfill an apparently valid request)
9. What s a Request message?
-An HTTP client sends an HTTP request to a server in the form of a request message to get certain data from server.
-A request message has following format:
i) A Request-line
ii) Zero or more header (General|Request|Entity) fields followed by CRLF
iii) An empty line (i.e., a line with nothing preceding the CRLF) indicating the end of the header fields
iv) Optionally a message-body
10. What are Persistent connections?
-HTTP persistent connection, also called HTTP keep-alive, or HTTP connection reuse, is the idea of using a single TCP connection to send and receive multiple HTTP requests/response,as opposed to opening a new connection for every single request/response pair.
11. In non – persistent HTTP connection, how can HTTP inform the TCP protocol that the end of the message has been reached?
-The HTTP client initiates a TCP connection to the server .
-The HTTP client sends a HTTP request message into the socket associated with the TCP connection that was established in step 1.
-The HTTP server:
i) receives the request message via the socket associated with the connection that was established in step 1,
ii) retrieves the object /someDepartment/home.index from its storage (RAM or disk),
iii) encapsulates the object in a HTTP response message, and
iv) sends the response message into the TCP connection.
-The HTTP server tells TCP to close the TCP connection. (But TCP doesn't actually terminate the connection until the client has received the response message intact.)
-The HTTP client receives the response message.The TCP connection terminates. The message indicates that the encapsulated object is an HTML file.
12. Difference between URL, URI & URN.
-All three are used to identify any resource or name on the internet but URI is superset of both URN and URL.
-Main difference between URL and URI is protocol to retrieve resource; URL includes network protocols i.e. HTTP,HTTPS,FTP etc while URI in case of URN uniquely identifies the resource eg. ISBN numbers.
-It is an application layer protocol , designed to enable communications between clients and servers.
-HTTP works as a request-response protocol between a client and server.
-It is a generic and stateless protocol which can be used for other purposes using extensions of its request methods, error codes, and headers.
-Basically it is a TCP/IP based communication protocol used to access data on WWW.
-Also it is a connectionless protocol and uses default port as 80.
2. Port number for HTTP protocol.
-80
3. What are the HTTP request methods?
-GET : Requests data from a specified resource
-POST : Submits data to be processed to a specified resource
-HEAD : Same as GET but returns only HTTP headers and no document body
-PUT : Uploads a representation of the specified URI
-DELETE : Deletes the specified resource
-OPTIONS : Returns the HTTP methods that the server supports
-CONNECT : Converts the request connection to a transparent TCP/IP tunnel
4. What HTTP response headers do?
-The information, in the form of a text record, that a Web server sends back to a client's browser in response to receiving an HTTP request.
-The response header contains the date, size and type of file that the server is sending back to the client and also data about the server itself. The header is attached to the files being sent back to the client.
5. What happens to an undeliverable datagram?
-An undeliverable datagram is discarded and and ICMP error message is sent to source host.
6. What is HTTP session state?
-Session state, in the context of .NET, is a method keep track of the a user session during a series of HTTP requests.
-Session state allows a developer to store data about a user as he/she navigates through ASP.NET web pages in a .NET web application.
-The HTTP protocol is stateless, which means that HTTP has no built-in way to keep track of a user as they navigate from one webpage to another.
-As a result, there are a number of other methods used to maintain state. These include session state, cookies, hidden form fields (known as viewstate in .NET), passing variables through the querystring, and form posts.
-Storing session state in the application pool also means that data is lost if the server is rebooted.
7. What is the work of http in the server?
-A web server processes requests via HTTP, the basic network protocol used to distribute information on the World Wide Web.
-The primary function of a web server is to store, process and deliver web pages to clients.
-The communication between client and server takes place using the Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP).
-A user agent, commonly a web browser initiates communication by making a request for a specific resource using HTTP and the server responds with the content of that resource or an error message if unable to do so.
-While the primary function is to serve content, a full implementation of HTTP also includes ways of receiving content from clients.
8. What are Status codes?
-The Status-Code element in a server response, is a 3-digit integer where the first digit of the Status-Code defines the class of response and the last two digits do not have any categorization role. There are 5 values for the first digit:
-1xx: Informational(It means the request has been received and the process is continuing)
-2xx: Success (It means the action was successfully received, understood, and accepted)
-3xx: Redirection (It means further action must be taken in order to complete the request)
-4xx: Client Error (It means the request contains incorrect syntax or cannot be fulfilled)
-5xx: Server Error (It means the server failed to fulfill an apparently valid request)
9. What s a Request message?
-An HTTP client sends an HTTP request to a server in the form of a request message to get certain data from server.
-A request message has following format:
i) A Request-line
ii) Zero or more header (General|Request|Entity) fields followed by CRLF
iii) An empty line (i.e., a line with nothing preceding the CRLF) indicating the end of the header fields
iv) Optionally a message-body
10. What are Persistent connections?
-HTTP persistent connection, also called HTTP keep-alive, or HTTP connection reuse, is the idea of using a single TCP connection to send and receive multiple HTTP requests/response,as opposed to opening a new connection for every single request/response pair.
11. In non – persistent HTTP connection, how can HTTP inform the TCP protocol that the end of the message has been reached?
-The HTTP client initiates a TCP connection to the server .
-The HTTP client sends a HTTP request message into the socket associated with the TCP connection that was established in step 1.
-The HTTP server:
i) receives the request message via the socket associated with the connection that was established in step 1,
ii) retrieves the object /someDepartment/home.index from its storage (RAM or disk),
iii) encapsulates the object in a HTTP response message, and
iv) sends the response message into the TCP connection.
-The HTTP server tells TCP to close the TCP connection. (But TCP doesn't actually terminate the connection until the client has received the response message intact.)
-The HTTP client receives the response message.The TCP connection terminates. The message indicates that the encapsulated object is an HTML file.
12. Difference between URL, URI & URN.
-All three are used to identify any resource or name on the internet but URI is superset of both URN and URL.
-Main difference between URL and URI is protocol to retrieve resource; URL includes network protocols i.e. HTTP,HTTPS,FTP etc while URI in case of URN uniquely identifies the resource eg. ISBN numbers.
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